What is the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ?
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a large, complex molecule that forms a crucial component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria . It plays a vital role in bacterial structure and defense, but it is also known as a potent endotoxin — capable of triggering severe immune reactions in humans and animals. In the pharmaceutical and biotech industries, detecting and controlling LPS is critical for ensuring the safety of injectable drugs, biologicals, and medical devices. 1. Definition of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a heat-stable amphipathic molecule composed of lipid and polysaccharide components . It is found exclusively in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella, Klebsiella, and others. When Gram-negative bacteria die or multiply, LPS is released into the surrounding environment — where it acts as an endotoxin capable of inducing fever, inflammation, or even septic shock in h...